Nonverbal communication in romantic relationships - literature review Essay

Nonverbal communication in romantic relationships - literature review - Essay Example What individuals do is also reliable indicator of internal feelings. Four studies comprise this literature review. â€Å"Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors and Liking in Marital Relationships† (Hinkle, 1999) measured the frequency of positive nonverbal behaviors in married couples and found a strong correlation with the subjects’ reported liking for one another. â€Å"Relational Messages Associated with Nonverbal Involvement, Pleasantness, and Expressiveness in Romantic Couples† (Le Poire, Duggan, Shepard & Burgoon, 2002) focused on vocal involvement, showing that partners perceived intimacy based on tone. The results of â€Å"Patterns of Matching and Initiation: Touch Behavior and Touch Avoidance across Romantic Relationship Stages† (Guerrero & Anderson, 1994) indicated sex differences in the initiation of touch, with men choosing the dominant role of initiation early in the relationship and women becoming the initiators after marriage. â€Å"Adult Attachment Style and Nonverbal Closeness in Dating Couples† (Tucker & An ders, 1998) reported that secure attachment style resulted in more positive touching. Although it may seem obvious that nonverbal communication—in general, a subconscious act—should correlate with relational satisfaction, researchers may take nothing for granted. Thus, the Hinkle study cited research that reported relationships have a greater success if the partners like one another. They also defined nonverbal immediacy as â€Å"behaviors such as touching, smiling, and making eye contact with another person† (Hinkle, 1999) and hypothesized that the more immediacy behaviors displayed by an individual, the more their partner liked them. The focus of their research was related to the duration of the relationship. They found that correlation remained constant, but that liking behaviors were strongest in the first year of the marriage and after the twenty-fourth year (Hinkle, 1999). Guerrero and Anderson began with a

Young People in American Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Young People in American Society - Essay Example According to the essay in 1990, students’ (adolescents) violent attitude and violence in schools got dedicated attention from the society. The move was based upon ensuring peaceful atmosphere in schools and colleges and to invest educational resources on productive and learning targets rather than disciplining young students. But evil behind this oppression remained strong and untouched so far and this evil is called ‘adultism’. The adultism is discriminatory ‘ism’ for young members of the society. This particular ‘ism’ consists of closest family members, teachers and elders etc. The after effects of this oppression are very dangerous and endless for example adults may force their dependants to steal, beg, fight, break laws, deal with drugs and adopt prostitution. In addition to illegitimate and immoral activities differential oppression can be inflict with apparently positive and ethical dogmas based upon religious beliefs, cultural trad itions and   regional   limits.From this paper it is clear that governments are allegedly great contributors of differential theory via discriminatory legal system against young people. The lack of protective laws for young people should be considered as oppressive behavior against them.  Our current economic systems are also dominated by certain group which is largely made up of adults. Thus it violates young people’s desires to take part in competition with adults in business and offices.... Political Ageism Governments are allegedly great contributors of differential theory via discriminatory legal system against young people. The lack of protective laws for young people should be considered as oppressive behavior against them. Economic Ageism Our current economic systems are also dominated by certain group which is largely made up of adults. Thus it violates young people's desires to take part in competition with adults in business and offices. Cultural Ageism Even though we are living in more civilized societies, but discrimination on the basis of sex, color, race, religion, ethnicity and age is universally everywhere. Children are among top victims in cultural divisions, they are not even provided with simple choices such as career, education, marriage and employment. Interpersonal Ageism Young people are oppressed interpersonally not only by parents, guardians but also by friends and siblings and sometimes by neighbors and teachers as well. Kind of oppressions by these groups is of discouraging, disrespecting and unrecognized nature. The reaction by the young people in response to oppressions is of severe violence oriented and it can be witnessed everywhere. In United Sates of America this oppression has resulted into extreme youth reactions in form of high rising school crimes, rage, and unlawful activities among students. The introduction of overly restricted rules and regulations is another contributor in juvenile offenses in United Sates, consequently pushing youngsters towards more depression and ultimately societal epidemic. A distinctive element of differential oppression is that the already victimized people (at the time of their youth) are